Home > Jukka Häkkinen

Jukka Häkkinen

Principal Member of Research Staff
Immersive Communication Team, Helsinki Finland
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My background

My research focuses on the relation between visual perception and displays. I started my research career at the Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, where I investigated the basic processes of human stereoscopic vision. When I came to Nokia in year 2000, I continued this work in more applied context as I started to investigate the visual user experience with emerging display technologies. Especially head-worn displays and stereoscopic displays provide a fascinating research area, because the formation of comfortable user experience with these displays is related both to the physiology of the visual system and to the psychological characteristics of the user. During my years in Nokia I have developed a research protocol for the measurement of the visual user experience with emerging display technologies and we have measured the visual experience with approximately 1500 users.

I am also interested in the visual quality experience. Subjective visual quality is often understood as simple evaluation of technical parameters like the display resolution or color gamut. Although this is partly true, the magnitude of the research problem should not be underestimated, as the quality experience is affected by the content, use context, user's expectations, technology interests and many other factors. Recently I have concentrated on the definition of visual quality in stereoscopic displays.

Current research interests

  • Visual user experience with monocular head-worn displays (project conducted at the Department of Psychology/University of Helsinki)
  • Visual user experience with flexible displays (in Flexidis European Union project)
  • Measuring visual user experience and visual quality in stereoscopic displays (at University of Helsinki)
  • Understanding the personality factors that affect the user experience with emerging display technologies
  • How do the users interpret encounters with new display technologies? There are striking differences in the experiences of expert users and new users which are related to psychological processes that are activated when a completely new type of technology is encountered.

Professional activities

  • Member of the organizing committee of the European Conference for Visual Perception 1997 (ECVP’97, 1996-1997)
  • Member of the scientific committee of the Society for Information Display Conference (SID), Applied Vision subcommittee (2001 -)
  • Co-chair, Legibility and resolution session, Society for Information Display Conference (SID 2004).
  • Co-chair, Virtual displays session. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2002.
  • Refereeing: Journal of the Society for Information Display, IEEE Journal of Display Technologies, Perception, Vision Research, CHI conference, Society for Information Display conference

Publications

Refereed journals

  1. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (1996) Depth asymmetry in da Vinci stereopsis. Vision Research 36(23), pp. 3815-3819.
  2. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (1997) Occlusion constraints and stereoscopic slant. Perception 26(1), pp. 29-38.
  3. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (1998) Ihmisen kolmiulotteisen stereohavaitsemisen mekanismit. Psykologia 33(4-5), 293-310. [In Finnish, the translated title: "The processes of human stereoscopic perception"]
  4. Häkkinen, J., Liinasuo, M., Kojo, I. & Nyman, G. (1998) Three-dimensionally slanted illusory contours capture stereopsis. Vision Research 38(20), pp. 3109-3115.
  5. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (2001) Phantom surface captures stereopsis. Vision Research, 41, pp. 187-199.
  6. Laarni, J. & Häkkinen, J. (1995) Temporal properties of color and shape priming. Perception 23, pp. 1395-1408.
  7. Liinasuo, M., Kojo, I., Häkkinen, J. & Rovamo, J. (2000) Neon colour spreading in three-dimensional illusory objects in humans Neuroscience Letters 281 (2-3) pp. 119-122.
  8. Liinasuo, M., Kojo, I., Häkkinen, J. & Rovamo, J. (2004) Visual completion of three-dimensional, chromatic, moving stimuli in humans. Neuroscience Letters 354(1-2) pp. 18-21.
  9. Kojo, I., Häkkinen, J. & Simola, J. (2006) Captured waterfall: Depth capture in a natural setting. Perception 35, 717-718.
  10. Miettinen, I., Näsänen, R. & Häkkinen, J. (2006) Effects of saccade length and target luminance on the refresh frequency threshold for the visibility of colour break-up. Displays, submitted.
  11. Niinikuru, R., Kojo, I., Häkkinen, J. (2006) Mikrosakkadien merkitys havaintokokemuksen muodostumisessa. Psykologia, In Press. [In Finnish, the translated title: "The role of microsaccades in the formation of perceptual experience"]
  12. Radun, J., Leisti, T., Häkkinen, J., Nyman, G., Ojanen, H., Olives, J.-L. & Vuori, T. (2006) Content and quality: Interpretation-based estimation of image quality. Transactions on Applied Perception, Accepted for publication.

Proceedings

  1. Nyman, G. & Häkkinen, J. (1995) On the Illusion of Three-Dimensionality of the World. In Pylkkänen, P. & Pylkkö, P. (Eds.) New Directions in Cognitive Science. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Saariselkä 4-9 August 1995, Lapland, Finland, pp. 266-272. Publications of the Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society, Helsinki.
  2. Mustonen, T., Törn, L. & Häkkinen, J. (2002) The effect of character size and contrast on performance in pseudo-text and letter search tasks. Society for Information Display, 2002 International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Volume XXXIII, Number 1, pp. 240-243.
  3. Häkkinen, J., Vuori, T. & Puhakka, M. (2002) Simulator sickness and postural sway after HMD use. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Yasmine Hammamet, Tunis, October 6-9, 2002, pp. 147-152.
  4. Häkkinen, J. (2002) Using interocular apparent movement to measure head-mounted display misalignment. The 22nd International Display Research Conference, October 2-4, Nice, France, pp. 811-814.
  5. Mustonen, T., Olkkonen, M., Häkkinen, J. (2004) Examining mobile phone text legibility while walking. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2004), April 24-29, Vienna, Austria. Extended abstracts, pp. 1243 - 1246.
  6. Häkkinen, J. (2004) A virtual display for mobile use. Society for Information Display 2004 International Symposium, Seminar and Exhibition. May 23-28, 2004, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, USA. Society for Information Display 2004 International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Vol. XXXV, Book II, pp.1586-1589.
  7. Häkkinen, J., Takatalo, J., Havukumpu, J., Komulainen, J., Särkelä, H. & Nyman, G. (2004) Simulator sickness symptoms caused by a visual search task in a monocular virtual display. Proceedings of the 11th International Display Workshops (IDW '04) December 8-10, 2004, Niigata Convention Center, Toki Messe, Niigata, Japan, pp. 1511-1513.
  8. Särkelä, H., Takatalo, J., Komulainen, J., Nyman, G. & Häkkinen, J. (2004) Attitudes to a new technology and experiental dimensions of two different digital games. Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, October 23-27, Tampere, Finland, pp. 349-352.
  9. Vuori, T., Olkkonen, M., Pölönen, M., Siren, A. & Häkkinen, J. (2004) Can eye movements be quantitatively applied in image quality studies? NordiCHI2004, Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, October 23-27, Tampere, Finland, pp.335-338.
  10. Pölönen, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2004) Does eye tracking provide a window to the soul of mobile phone users? Proceedings of the 11th International Display Workshops (IDW '04) December 8-10, 2004, Niigata Convention Center, Toki Messe, Niigata, Japan, pp. 1519-1522.
  11. Takatalo, J., Häkkinen, J., Särkelä, H, Komulainen, J. & Nyman, G. (2004). The experiential dimensions of two different digital games. In Proceedings PRESENCE 2004-7th Annual International Workshop on Presence October 12-15, Valencia, Spain, pp. 274-278.
  12. Pölönen, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2005) Reading short lines. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 22-27 July, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. NV: Mira Digital.
  13. Havukumpu, J., Nyman, G., Takatalo, J. & Häkkinen, J. (2005) Attention and simulator sickness with a see-through head-mounted display. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 22-27 July, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. NV: Mira Digital.
  14. Häkkinen, J., Takatalo, J., Komulainen, J., Särkelä, H., Havukumpu, J. & Nyman, G. (2005) Simulator sickness symptoms in virtual display gaming. Proceedings of the 12th International Display Workshops (IDW '05), December 6-9, 2005, Sunport Takamatsu, Takamatsu, Japan, pp. 1825-1828.
  15. Jumisko-Pyykkö, S. & Häkkinen, J. (2005) Evaluation of subjective video quality on mobile devices. Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Multimedia 6-12 November, 2005, Singapore, pp. 535-538.
  16. Häkkinen, J., Liinasuo, M., Takatalo, J. & Nyman, G. (2005) Visual comfort with stereoscopic mobile gaming. Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE's International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2005: Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XVII, Vol. 6055, 15-19 January 2006, San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, California USA.
  17. Nyman, G., Radun, J., Leisti, T., Oja, J., Ojanen, H.., Olives, J.-L., Vuori, T. & Häkkinen, J. (2005) What do users really perceive - probing the subjective image quality experience. Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE's International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2005: Imaging Quality and System Performance III, Vol. 6059, 15-19 January 2006, San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, California USA, pp. 1-7.
  18. Jumisko-Pyykkö, S. & Häkkinen, J. (2006) "I would like to see the face and at least hear the voice": Effects of screen size and audio-video bitrate ratio on perception of quality in mobile television . 4th European Interactive TV Conference, 25-26 May 2006, Athens, Greece.
  19. Häkkinen, J., Takatalo, J., Pölönen, M. & Nyman, G. (2006) Simulator sickness in virtual display gaming: A comparison of stereoscopic and non-stereoscopic situations. MobileChi 2006, In Press.
  20. Havukumpu, J., Vähäkangas, P., Grönroos, E. & Häkkinen, J. (2006) Midwives experience of using HMD in ultrasound scan. NordiChi2006, Accepted for publication.
  21. Takatalo, J., Häkkinen, J., Komulainen, J., Särkelä, H. & Nyman, G. (2006) Involvement and presence in digital gaming. NordiChi2006, Accepted for publication.

Book chapters

  1. Nyman, G. & Häkkinen, J. (1997) Dimension reduction, local intelligence and three-dimensional perception. In Pylkkänen, P., Pylkkö, P. & Hautamäki, A. (Eds.) Brain, mind and physics. IOS Press, Amsterdam.

Abstracts in conferences

  1. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (1993) Asymmetry of near and far disparity spread functions. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’93), August 25-29, 1993, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Perception 22, Supplement, p. 113.
  2. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman, G. (1994) Da Vinci stereopsis and figure-ground discrimination. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’94), September 4-8, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Perception 23, Supplement, p. 42.
  3. Häkkinen, J. & Nyman (1995) Horizontal magnification of one retinal image does not always produce perception of three-dimensional slant. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting (ARVO), May 14-19, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.A. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 36(4), p. S365.
  4. Häkkinen, J., Kojo, I., Liinasuo, M., Nyman, G. (1996) Is stereoscopic capture possible with three-dimensionally slanted or curved illusory surfaces? European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’96), 8-13 September, Strasbourg, France. Perception 25, Supplement, p. 41.
  5. Häkkinen, J., Liinasuo, M., Kojo (1997) Half-occlusions and depth asymmetry in stereoscopic capture. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting (ARVO), May 11-16, Ft.Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.A. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 38, p. S908.
  6. Häkkinen, J., Kojo, I., Liinasuo, M., Nyman, G. (1997) Illusory contours do not capture stereopsis - they just constrain the depth spreading. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’97), August 24-29, Helsinki, Finland. Perception 25, Supplement, p. 42.
  7. Häkkinen, J., Liinasuo, M., Kojo, I (2002) Illusory surface is not necessary for depth asymmetric stereo capture. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’02), August 25-29, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Perception 31, Supplement, pp. 155-156.
  8. Puhakka, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2002) Attending in depth does not affect stimulus processing. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’02), European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’02), August 25-29, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Perception 31, Supplement, p. 175.
  9. Puhakka, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2003) Does preknowledge of target depth affect visual processing? Vision Sciences Society, Third Annual Meeting, May 9-14, 2003, Sarasota,Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 559a, http://journalofvision.org/3/9/559/, doi:10.1167/3.9.559.
  10. Kojo, I., Häkkinen, J. & Simola, J. (2003) Depth capture in natural environment. Vision Sciences Society, Third Annual Meeting, May 9-14, 2003, Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 851a, http://journalofvision.org/3/9/851/, doi:10.1167/3.9.851.
  11. Häkkinen, J. (2003) Interocular transformational apparent movement in HMD misalignment detection. Vision Sciences Society, Third Annual Meeting, May 9-14, 2003, Sarasota, Florida.
  12. Häkkinen, J. (2003) Measuring HMD misalignment with interocular transformational apparent movement. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’03), Paris, September 1-5, p. p. 75.
  13. Puhakka, M., Heikkilä, J.-P., Pekkarinen, K. & Häkkinen, J. (2003) Handheld device usability studies with eye tracking. European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM12), 20-24 August 2003, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK. Conference Proceedings, p. PC14.
  14. Puhakka, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2003) How much expert observers can benefit from depth cues? European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP'03), Paris, September 1-5. Perception 32, Supplement, p.131.
  15. Miettinen, I.T., Näsänen, R., Häkkinen, J. (2004) Effects of contrast, saccade length and stimulus size on the visibility of colour breakup in field-sequential colour displays. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP’04), 22-26 August, Budapest, Hungary. Perception 33, Supplement, pp. 59-60.
  16. Puhakka, M., Häkkinen, J. & Laarni, J. (2004) Eye movements during text entry for small devices. European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP2004), 22-26 August, Budapest, Hungary. Perception 33, Supplement, pp. 171-172.
  17. Berg, M., Kojo, I., Simola, J. & Häkkinen, J. (2005) The structure of fixational eye movements during straight gaze path. Vision Sciences Society, Fifth Annual Meeting, 2005, Sarasota, Florida. Journal of Vision, 5(8), 589a, http://journalofvision.org/5/8/589/, doi:10.1167/5.8.589.
  18. Kojo, I., Berg, M., Simola, J. & Häkkinen, J. (2005) The structure of fixational eye movements during turning gaze path. Vision Sciences Society, Fifth Annual Meeting, 2005, Sarasota, Florida. Journal of Vision, 5(8), 587a, http://journalofvision.org/5/8/587/, doi:10.1167/5.8.587.

Other publications

One of my hobbies is science journalism and I work as an associate editor in Psykologia journal, which is the refereed journal of Finnish Psychological Association. One of my work duties in the journal is writing to the news page in which I try to select the most interesting recent results in psychology, cognitive science and brain research. These news articles have been written in Finnish, but I have translated the topics to English in the following list. These short news articles reflect my general interests in research and also serve as a kind of a diary which shows how my interests have evolved during recent years.

  • New light on shape from shading. Psykologia 1/1999.
  • Perception and direction of action. Psykologia 1/1999.
  • The appearance of artistic talent in frontotemporal dementia. Psykologia 2/1999.
  • The processing of movement information in retina. Psykologia 3/1999.
  • Do memory pills really help you? Psykologia 5-6/1999.
  • The inverted visual field phenomenon. Psykologia 5-6/1999.
  • Semantic priming during REM sleep. Psykologia 1/2000.
  • Cortical cells renew themselves. Psykologia 1/2000.
  • Stereoscopic olfaction decreases the difference thresholds Psykologia 1/2000.
  • The visually perceived weight affects the experienced weight. Psykologia4/2000.
  • Bilingual remembering. Psykologia 6/2000.
  • Visual attention works better with randomized stimuli. Psykologia 6/2000.
  • Mona Lisa's smile is explained by processing in visual cortex. Psykologia 4/2001.
  • The development of color vision. Psykologia 4/2001.
  • Formation of illusory causal relations. Psykologia 5/2001.
  • Babbling in sign languate. Psykologia 6/2001.
  • Desire for chocolate is visible in brains. Psykologia 1/2002.
  • Babies learng language when they sleep. 2/2002.
  • RSVP makes efficient reading from mobile display possible. 2/2002.
  • Birds prefer peppers because of their taste receptors. Psykologia 3/2002.
  • Children recognize more Pokemon characters than they recognize domestic animals. Psykologia 4/2002.
  • Why Charlie lives in Chicago? The relation of name and behavior. Psykologia 5/2002.
  • Do females have better color vision? Psykologia 5/2002.
  • Family resemblances of babies and their fathers. Psykologia 5/2002.
  • Redheads are more sensitive to pain. Psykologia 6/2002.
  • Natural stimuli are easier to detect in peripheral visual field. Psykologia 2/2003.
  • Playing computer games enhances visual performance. Psykologia 3/2003.
  • Emphatic user interface. Psykologia 4/2003.
  • The psychology of luck. Psykologia 4/2003.
  • The task defines cortical lateralization. Psykologia 6/2003.
  • The reality of synesthetic expriences. Psykologia 6/2003.
  • Television and addiction. Psykologia 2/2004.
  • Life-long advertising campaign. Psykologia 5/2004.
  • Does money make you happy?. Psykologia 5/2004.
  • Salient colours are perceptually enhanced. Psykologia 5/2004.
  • Researching emotions with computer games. Psykologia 6/2004.
  • Social cognitive neuroscience. Psykologia 1/2005.
  • Is self-esteem important? Psykologia 1/2005.
  • Is image quality revealed by eye movements? Psykologia 1/2005.
  • Too much choice can be stressful. Psykologia 2/2005.
  • Coffee improves cognitive performance. Psykologia 2/2005.
  • Biases in the perception of time: In future there is more time. Psykologia 2/2005.
  • The emotional significance of black and white colors. Psykologia 3/2005.
  • Social interaction in dreams. Psykologia 3/2005.
  • Jennifer Aniston cell. Psykologia 4/2005.
  • The mental life of robots. Psykologia 5-6/2005.
  • The development of the theory of mind. Psykologia 5-6/2005.
  • Direct gaze increases attractiveness. Psykologia 5-6/2005.
  • Autism and mirror neurons. Psykologia 1/2006.
  • Intention changes the perceived distance. Psykologia 1/2006.
  • Is brainstorming useful? Psykologia 2/2006.
  • Hollow face illusion and visual information processing. Psykologia 2/2006.
  • Laughing diminishes binocular rivalry. Psykologia 3/2006.
  • Colorful email is more effective. Psykologia 3/2006.
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